![]() On the contrary, a collective effort is required to create these spaces, invest them with symbolic meanings, and keep the memories they hold alive.Īrchives and museums can be part of that effort, as they reveal forgotten histories through their collections and exhibitions. According to Schwarcz, memory spaces are far from being natural, stable entities. (2) Coined by French philosopher Pierre Nora, “memory space” refers to material sites and objects, as well as immaterial vestiges, that have a symbolic meaning for collective memory. (1) The anthropologist and historian Lilia Schwarcz suggested a similar idea when she stressed the importance of the Cais do Valongo as a “memory space” for contemporary Brazil, a country whose social dynamics and racial inequalities are profoundly marked by its violent colonial past. The archeologist Tania Andrade Lima, who worked on the Cais do Valongo excavation, once remarked that historical archeology is an antidote to social amnesia. Six years after the excavation, in July 2017, UNESCO recognized the Cais do Valongo as a World Heritage Site, acknowledging its importance as a physical trace of a horrendous human history that should never be forgotten or repeated. In addition to layers of cobblestoned floor dating back two centuries, archeologists uncovered thousands of objects that belonged to the African slaves, such as amulets, rings, ceramics, smoking pipes, horns and shells, and copper coins. For example, you might remember a number, but learn a new number shortly after, which cancels out the original information.Over the course of more than three centuries, the Portuguese colony of Brazil bought and exploited the largest number of African slaves in the Americas, with some estimates reaching over four million. ![]() This is when new information interferes with the previously memorized information. However, a phenomenon called “retroactive interference” occurred. One 2010 study published in Neuropsychology found that 7 out of 10 patients with anterograde amnesia were capable of temporarily retaining new information. Also, the symptoms of anterograde amnesia occur after you’ve already started experiencing memory loss. For example, you might forget reading a book you’ve read before. Such symptoms differ from those of retrograde amnesia, which may include forgetting information you already knew before amnesia. newly made changes to a routine, such as school or job changes.For example, someone with this form of amnesia might forget: ![]() This can cause confusion and frustration. Symptoms of anterograde amnesia primarily affect short-term memory processing. You may already have difficulty with long-term memories at this point. Such challenges affect everyday functions, such as work and playing sports.Īnterograde amnesia deals more specifically with remembering new information. However, dementia also leads to brain damage that can lead to more cognitive challenges. The latter is a degenerative disease that affects your memory and information about yourself. Proactive amnesia is another term that refers to anterograde amnesia.Īmnesia is sometimes confused with dementia. ![]() It can also cause you to forget well-established daily information, such as what time you go to work. This refers to the inability to remember events and people from your past. The other feature is called retrograde amnesia. People with this feature have difficulty making new memories based on experiences and information they come across. Proactive, anterograde, and retrograde amnesiaĪnterograde amnesia, according to the Mayo Clinic, is one of the two primary features of amnesia. Some types of therapies can help you cope with this type of memory loss. In some cases amnesia may be temporary, but in other cases it may be permanent. It’s caused by damage to memory-making parts of your brain. In such cases, the amnesia (memory loss) has already occurred. It may also interfere with work and social activities because you might have challenges creating new memories.Īnterograde amnesia is a subset of amnesia. Anterograde amnesia refers to a decreased ability to retain new information.
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